|
Green bean galaxies (GBGs) are very rare astronomical objects that are thought to be quasar ionization echos.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Galaxy-wide Echoes from the Past )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title="Green-bean Galaxies" and the Demise of Quasars )〕 They were discovered by Mischa Schirmer and colleagues R. Diaz, K. Holhjem, N.A. Levenson, and C. Winge.〔 The authors report the discovery of a sample of Seyfert-2 galaxies with ultra-luminous galaxy-wide narrow-line regions (NLRs) at redshifts z=0.2-0.6.〔 While examining survey images taken with the 3.6 Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) atop 4200-m Mauna Kea, Hawaii, Schirmer noticed a galaxy with unusual colors—strongly peaking in the r filter, suggesting a spectral line.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Galaxy-wide Echoes from the past )〕 In fact, the color is quite similar to the Green Pea galaxies (GPs), which are compact star-forming galaxies. However, the object which became known as a GBG is much larger.〔 These galaxies are so rare that there is on average only one in a cube about 1.3 billion light-years across.〔 They were nicknamed GBGs because of their color and because they are superficially similar to, but larger than, GPs.〔 The interstellar gas in most GPs is ionized by UV-light from intense star formation, whereas the gas in GBGs is ionized by hard x-rays from an active galactic nucleus (AGN). The scarcity of GBGs indicates that this phenomenon is very rare, and/or very short-lived.〔 GBGs are likely related to the object known as Hanny's Voorwerp, another possible quasar ionization echo. GBGs are substantially different, though, as their luminosities, sizes and gas masses are 10-100 times higher than in other quasar ionisation clouds, for instance the 154 studied in Keel et al. 2012 (nicknamed 'voorwerpjes'). These 'voorwerpjes' are estimated to have bright phases that last between ~20,000 and 200,000 years.〔 Possible formation mechanisms are currently under investigation. Likely, the giant gas outflows have been produced during the last stages in the life of super-luminous quasars, which subsequently experienced a rapid shut-down, e.g. due to a process known as AGN feedback. The escaping X-rays from the former very active quasar state still ionize the gas, causing the ionization echo. A paper was accepted in March 2015 titled: "The "Green Bean" Galaxy SDSS J224024.1--092748: Unravelling the emission signature of a quasar ionization echo." Its authors are Rebecca Davies, Mischa Schirmer and James Turner.〔 The abstract states: "Our analysis of J224024.1-092748 indicates that GBs provide a unique fossil record of the transformation from the most luminous quasars to weak AGN."〔 The study provides new research concentrated on the prototype GB SDSS J224024.1-092748. == Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) identifications == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Green bean galaxy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|